Environment: Components, Conferences and Movements

Attempt the quiz above first, then review every question with its correct answer and a short explanation below.

1. Q1.Which of the following is an abiotic component of the environment?

   • A.Bacteria
   • B.Fungi
   • C.Plants
   • D.Soil✓ Correct Answer

   Explanation: Soil, water, air and sunlight are abiotic components.

2. Q2.The lowest layer of the atmosphere, where weather occurs, is the:

   • A.Troposphere✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Stratosphere
   • C.Mesosphere
   • D.Thermosphere

   Explanation: Almost all clouds and weather lie in the troposphere.

3. Q3.The ozone layer is found in the:

   • A.Stratosphere✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Troposphere
   • C.Exosphere
   • D.Ionosphere

   Explanation: It absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays.

4. Q4.World Environment Day is observed every year on:

   • A.22 April
   • B.22 March
   • C.5 June✓ Correct Answer
   • D.16 September

   Explanation: It was first observed in 1974 after the Stockholm Conference.

5. Q5.Earth Day is observed on:

   • A.5 June
   • B.22 March
   • C.5 October
   • D.22 April✓ Correct Answer

   Explanation: It began in 1970.

6. Q6.The Environment (Protection) Act was passed in India in:

   • A.1972
   • B.1986✓ Correct Answer
   • C.1981
   • D.2002

   Explanation: It was enacted after the Bhopal gas tragedy.

7. Q7.The first UN conference on the human environment was held in:

   • A.Rio de Janeiro, 1992
   • B.Kyoto, 1997
   • C.Paris, 2015
   • D.Stockholm, 1972✓ Correct Answer

   Explanation: It led to the creation of UNEP.

8. Q8.The Earth Summit of 1992 was held at:

   • A.Stockholm
   • B.Johannesburg
   • C.Rio de Janeiro✓ Correct Answer
   • D.Kyoto

   Explanation: It adopted Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration.

9. Q9.The Chipko Movement began in 1973 in the present-day State of:

   • A.Uttarakhand✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Himachal Pradesh
   • C.Karnataka
   • D.Kerala

   Explanation: Villagers hugged trees to stop felling.

10. Q10.Who is associated with the Chipko Movement?

    • A.Sunderlal Bahuguna✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Medha Patkar
    • C.Baba Amte
    • D.Anna Hazare

    Explanation: Chandi Prasad Bhatt and Gaura Devi also led it.

11. Q11.The Narmada Bachao Andolan is associated with:

    • A.Sunderlal Bahuguna
    • B.Rajendra Singh
    • C.Medha Patkar✓ Correct Answer
    • D.Vandana Shiva

    Explanation: It opposed dams on the Narmada.

12. Q12.The Appiko Movement of 1983 was held in the:

    • A.Aravallis
    • B.Eastern Ghats
    • C.Western Ghats of Karnataka✓ Correct Answer
    • D.Himalayan foothills

    Explanation: It was inspired by Chipko.

13. Q13.The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established in:

    • A.1986
    • B.1999
    • C.2015
    • D.2010✓ Correct Answer

    Explanation: It deals with environmental disputes.

14. Q14.The Ministry responsible for environmental policy in India is the Ministry of:

    • A.Earth Sciences
    • B.Environment, Forest and Climate Change✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Agriculture
    • D.Water Resources

    Explanation: It is the nodal agency for environment protection.

15. Q15.The zone of the Earth where life exists is called the:

    • A.Lithosphere
    • B.Hydrosphere
    • C.Biosphere✓ Correct Answer
    • D.Exosphere

    Explanation: It combines the land, water and air that support life.

16. Q16.The Silent Valley movement in Kerala opposed a proposed:

    • A.nuclear plant
    • B.hydroelectric project✓ Correct Answer
    • C.steel plant
    • D.airport

    Explanation: The Kunthipuzha river project was shelved in the 1980s.

17. Q17.The Bishnoi movement of 1730, led by Amrita Devi, took place at:

    • A.Almora, Uttarakhand
    • B.Khejarli, Rajasthan✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Silent Valley, Kerala
    • D.Mandla, Madhya Pradesh

    Explanation: Villagers sacrificed their lives to save Khejri trees.

18. Q18.The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in:

    • A.1981
    • B.1974✓ Correct Answer
    • C.1986
    • D.1972

    Explanation: It created the Central Pollution Control Board.

19. Q19.The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in:

    • A.1981✓ Correct Answer
    • B.1974
    • C.1986
    • D.2002

    Explanation: It came after the Stockholm Conference commitments.

20. Q20.The Biological Diversity Act of India was passed in:

    • A.1972
    • B.1986
    • C.2010
    • D.2002✓ Correct Answer

    Explanation: It created the National Biodiversity Authority.