Geography: Scope and Concepts - Practice Test 3

Attempt the quiz above first, then review every question with its correct answer and a short explanation below.

1. Q1.Who proposed the 'Nebular Hypothesis' for the origin of the earth?

   • A.Kant and Laplace✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Chamberlin and Moulton
   • C.Jeans and Jeffreys
   • D.Hoyle

   Explanation: Immanuel Kant proposed the hypothesis, which was later revised by Pierre-Simon Laplace.

2. Q2.The shape of the Earth is best described as:

   • A.Perfect Sphere
   • B.Flat
   • C.Geoid✓ Correct Answer
   • D.Square

   Explanation: The Earth is an oblate spheroid, often described as a 'Geoid' (Earth-shaped).

3. Q3.0 degree Latitude is known as:

   • A.Prime Meridian
   • B.Equator✓ Correct Answer
   • C.Tropic of Cancer
   • D.North Pole

   Explanation: The Equator is the 0-degree latitude line dividing the earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres.

4. Q4.0 degree Longitude is known as:

   • A.Equator
   • B.Prime Meridian✓ Correct Answer
   • C.International Date Line
   • D.Tropic of Capricorn

   Explanation: The Prime Meridian (Greenwich Meridian) is the 0-degree longitude line.

5. Q5.Which scholar wrote 'Almagest' and 'Guide to Geography'?

   • A.Ptolemy✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Strabo
   • C.Plato
   • D.Aristotle

   Explanation: Claudius Ptolemy wrote these influential works, compiling the geographical knowledge of the Greco-Roman world.

6. Q6.Settlement Geography studies:

   • A.Forests
   • B.Rural and Urban settlements✓ Correct Answer
   • C.Rivers
   • D.Mountains

   Explanation: Settlement Geography deals with the size, form, and function of settlements (both rural and urban).

7. Q7.The concept of 'Paradigm Shift' in geography was introduced by influencing Thomas Kuhn's idea. Who applied it to geography?

   • A.David Harvey✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Peter Haggett
   • C.W.K.D. Davies / Generally adapted by scholars
   • D.Brian Berry

   Explanation: While Kuhn originated the concept for science, geographers like David Harvey discussed paradigms (like the shift to quantitative methods).

8. Q8.Economic Geography is divided into fields like:

   • A.Agricultural, Industrial, Transport Geography✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Climate, Ocean, Soil
   • C.Social, Cultural, Political
   • D.None of the above

   Explanation: Economic geography includes sub-fields like agricultural geography, industrial geography, transport geography, etc.

9. Q9.The phrase 'The present is the key to the past' (Uniformitarianism) is associated with:

   • A.James Hutton✓ Correct Answer
   • B.W.M. Davis
   • C.Penck
   • D.King

   Explanation: James Hutton proposed Uniformitarianism, foundational to geomorphology.

10. Q10.Which projection is best for showing the correct shape of continents?

    • A.Mercator
    • B.Orthomorphic / Conformal✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Equal Area
    • D.Azimuthal

    Explanation: Orthomorphic (Conformal) projections, like Mercator, preserve shapes (angles) but distort area.

11. Q11.What is 'Chorography'?

    • A.Study of the universe
    • B.Description of regions or mapping of regions✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Study of time
    • D.Study of deep sea

    Explanation: Chorography refers to the description or mapping of specific regions or districts.

12. Q12.The 'Welfare Approach' in geography focuses on:

    • A.Who gets what, where, and how✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Profit maximization
    • C.Mapping techniques
    • D.River flow

    Explanation: The Welfare approach (associated with D.M. Smith) focuses on social justice and inequality ('Who gets what, where, and how').

13. Q13.Glaciology is the study of:

    • A.Glass
    • B.Glaciers and Ice✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Grasslands
    • D.Global winds

    Explanation: Glaciology is the scientific study of glaciers, or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

14. Q14.Who authored the book 'The Nature of Geography' (1939)?

    • A.Richard Hartshorne✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Carl Sauer
    • C.Mackinder
    • D.Harvey

    Explanation: Richard Hartshorne wrote this classic text defining geography as 'areal differentiation'.

15. Q15.Political Geography studies:

    • A.Rocks
    • B.Boundaries, states, and geopolitics✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Crops
    • D.Rainfall

    Explanation: Political geography deals with boundaries, divisions, and the spatial aspects of politics.

16. Q16.Which of the following is an example of Endogenic forces?

    • A.Wind
    • B.River
    • C.Volcanism✓ Correct Answer
    • D.Glacier

    Explanation: Endogenic forces originate inside the earth (e.g., volcanism, earthquakes).

17. Q17.Exogenic forces are also known as:

    • A.Land building forces
    • B.Denudational forces✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Tectonic forces
    • D.Magnetic forces

    Explanation: Exogenic forces (wind, water) wear down the landscape, hence called denudational (destructive) forces.

18. Q18.The 'Heartland Theory' in Political Geography was propounded by:

    • A.Mackinder✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Spykman
    • C.Mahan
    • D.Haushofer

    Explanation: Halford Mackinder proposed the Heartland Theory ('Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland...').

19. Q19.Which scale is a Representative Fraction (R.F.)?

    • A.1 cm = 10 km
    • B.1:50,000✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Statement Scale
    • D.Linear Scale

    Explanation: 1:50,000 is a Ratio or Representative Fraction (R.F.) where numerator and denominator have same units.

20. Q20.Contours are lines connecting points of equal:

    • A.Temperature
    • B.Pressure
    • C.Elevation (Height)✓ Correct Answer
    • D.Rainfall

    Explanation: Contours connect points of equal elevation above sea level.