Geomorphic Processes - Practice Test 3

Attempt the quiz above first, then review every question with its correct answer and a short explanation below.

1. Q1.Sea Cliffs, Sea Caves, and Sea Arches are formed by:

   • A.River erosion
   • B.Marine (Wave) erosion✓ Correct Answer
   • C.Wind erosion
   • D.Glacial erosion

   Explanation: The constant action of sea waves on coastal rocks creates these features.

2. Q2.An isolated pillar of rock left after the collapse of a sea arch is called a:

   • A.Stack✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Stump
   • C.Spit
   • D.Tombolo

   Explanation: When an arch collapses, a Stack remains.

3. Q3.A beach is a depositional landform of:

   • A.Wind
   • B.Sea Waves✓ Correct Answer
   • C.River
   • D.Glacier

   Explanation: Beaches are formed by sediments (sand/gravel) deposited by waves.

4. Q4.A bar connecting an island to the mainland is called:

   • A.Lagoon
   • B.Tombolo✓ Correct Answer
   • C.Spit
   • D.Hook

   Explanation: A Tombolo connects an island to the coast.

5. Q5.Chilika Lake in Odisha is an example of a:

   • A.Crater Lake
   • B.Lagoon✓ Correct Answer
   • C.Glacial Lake
   • D.Oxbow Lake

   Explanation: A Lagoon is a body of water separated from the sea by a barrier.

6. Q6.Soil formation is also known as:

   • A.Pedogenesis✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Lithification
   • C.Metamorphism
   • D.Erosion

   Explanation: Pedogenesis refers to the process of soil formation.

7. Q7.Which horizon of the soil profile is rich in humus (organic matter)?

   • A.A-Horizon (Topsoil)✓ Correct Answer
   • B.B-Horizon (Subsoil)
   • C.C-Horizon
   • D.Bedrock

   Explanation: The Topsoil (A-Horizon) contains the most organic matter.

8. Q8.Regur soil is another name for:

   • A.Alluvial Soil
   • B.Black Soil✓ Correct Answer
   • C.Red Soil
   • D.Laterite Soil

   Explanation: Black soil (ideal for cotton) is called Regur.

9. Q9.Laterite soil is formed under conditions of:

   • A.High temperature and heavy rainfall✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Low temperature and low rainfall
   • C.Desert conditions
   • D.Glacial conditions

   Explanation: Intense leaching due to heavy rain and heat creates Laterite soil.

10. Q10.Khader and Bhangar are types of which soil?

    • A.Black Soil
    • B.Alluvial Soil✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Red Soil
    • D.Desert Soil

    Explanation: They are types of Alluvial soil found in the North Indian Plains.

11. Q11.Which geomorphic agent forms a 'Fjord'?

    • A.River
    • B.Glacier✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Wind
    • D.Sea waves

    Explanation: A Fjord is a submerged glacial valley.

12. Q12.Yardangs are formed by:

    • A.Wind erosion✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Water erosion
    • C.Glacial deposition
    • D.Volcanic activity

    Explanation: Yardangs are wind-eroded ridges of hard rock.

13. Q13.A sudden movement of soil and rock down a steep slope is called:

    • A.Landslide✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Creep
    • C.Weathering
    • D.Erosion

    Explanation: Landslides are rapid mass movements.

14. Q14.The slow downhill movement of soil is called:

    • A.Landslide
    • B.Soil Creep✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Rockfall
    • D.Mudflow

    Explanation: Creep is the imperceptibly slow movement of soil.

15. Q15.Potholes in a river bed are formed by:

    • A.Drilling by stones in swirling water✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Fish digging
    • C.Deposition of sand
    • D.Wind

    Explanation: Eddies creating swirling stones drill holes into the river bed.

16. Q16.Which of these is NOT an erosional feature of a river?

    • A.Gorge
    • B.Canyon
    • C.Waterfall
    • D.Natural Levee✓ Correct Answer

    Explanation: Natural Levees are depositional features formed along banks during floods.

17. Q17.A waterfall is formed when:

    • A.Hard rock overlies soft rock horizontally✓ Correct Answer
    • B.River enters the sea
    • C.River creates a meander
    • D.Wind blows hard

    Explanation: The softer rock erodes faster, leaving a ledge of hard rock.

18. Q18.Jog Falls (Gersoppa) is located on which river?

    • A.Kaveri
    • B.Sharavati✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Narmada
    • D.Godavari

    Explanation: Jog Falls is on the Sharavati River in Karnataka.

19. Q19.The Angel Falls, the world's highest waterfall, is in:

    • A.USA
    • B.Venezuela✓ Correct Answer
    • C.Canada
    • D.India

    Explanation: Angel Falls is in Venezuela.

20. Q20.A loop-like bend in a river is called:

    • A.Meander✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Gorge
    • C.Rapid
    • D.Delta

    Explanation: Meanders are winding curves or bends.