Earthquakes, Tsunami and Volcanoes - Practice Test 3

Attempt the quiz above first, then review every question with its correct answer and a short explanation below.

1. Q1.The 'Ring of Fire' surrounds which ocean?

   • A.Atlantic Ocean
   • B.Pacific Ocean✓ Correct Answer
   • C.Indian Ocean
   • D.Arctic Ocean

   Explanation: The Ring of Fire is around the Pacific Ocean basin.

2. Q2.Most volcanoes occur at:

   • A.Plate boundaries (Subduction/Divergent)✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Middle of plates
   • C.Deserts
   • D.Plains

   Explanation: Volcanism is primarily associated with tectonic plate boundaries.

3. Q3.A volcano that has not erupted in historic times but may erupt again is called:

   • A.Active
   • B.Dormant✓ Correct Answer
   • C.Extinct
   • D.Dead

   Explanation: Dormant volcanoes are 'sleeping' but can wake up.

4. Q4.A volcano that is unlikely to erupt again is called:

   • A.Extinct✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Dormant
   • C.Active
   • D.Shield

   Explanation: Extinct volcanoes have no lava supply.

5. Q5.Which of the following is an example of an Extinct Volcano?

   • A.Mt. Kilimanjaro✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Mt. Fuji
   • C.Mt. Etna
   • D.Barren Island

   Explanation: Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) is considered an extinct volcano.

6. Q6.The term 'Tsunami' implies:

   • A.Harbour Wave✓ Correct Answer
   • B.Killer Wave
   • C.Tidal Wave
   • D.Earth Wave

   Explanation: It is Japanese for Harbour Wave.

7. Q7.Which scale allows the calculation of energy released by an earthquake?

   • A.Mercalli Scale
   • B.Richter Scale✓ Correct Answer
   • C.Mohs Scale
   • D.Saffir-Simpson Scale

   Explanation: Richter scale measures magnitude, which relates to energy.

8. Q8.On the Richter scale, an increase of 1 unit represents a ___-fold increase in ground motion.

   • A.10✓ Correct Answer
   • B.32
   • C.100
   • D.2

   Explanation: The amplitude increases 10 times for each unit.

9. Q9.On the Richter scale, an increase of 1 unit represents a ___-fold increase in Energy.

   • A.10
   • B.32 (approx)✓ Correct Answer
   • C.100
   • D.2

   Explanation: Energy release increases about 31.6 (approx 32) times per unit.

10. Q10.The world's highest active volcano is:

    • A.Ojos del Salado✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Mt. Everest
    • C.Mt. Fuji
    • D.Mauna Loa

    Explanation: Ojos del Salado (Andes) is the highest active volcano.

11. Q11.Geysers are associated with:

    • A.Volcanic activity✓ Correct Answer
    • B.River erosion
    • C.Glacial deposition
    • D.Wind erosion

    Explanation: Geysers are hot springs that erupt steam, driven by volcanic heat.

12. Q12.Old Faithful is a famous geyser in:

    • A.Yellowstone National Park (USA)✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Iceland
    • C.New Zealand
    • D.Japan

    Explanation: It is located in Yellowstone, USA.

13. Q13.Which country is known as the 'Land of Volcanoes'?

    • A.Indonesia✓ Correct Answer
    • B.El Salvador
    • C.Japan
    • D.Iceland

    Explanation: Indonesia has the highest number of active volcanoes.

14. Q14.P-waves travel fastest in:

    • A.Solids✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Liquids
    • C.Gases
    • D.Vacuum

    Explanation: P-waves travel fastest through dense solids.

15. Q15.The magnitude of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami earthquake was approx:

    • A.9.1 - 9.3✓ Correct Answer
    • B.7.0
    • C.6.5
    • D.5.0

    Explanation: It was a megathrust earthquake of magnitude 9.1-9.3.

16. Q16.Which waves are transverse in nature?

    • A.S-waves✓ Correct Answer
    • B.P-waves
    • C.Sound waves
    • D.Shock waves

    Explanation: S-waves vibrate perpendicular to propagation.

17. Q17.Which waves are longitudinal in nature?

    • A.P-waves✓ Correct Answer
    • B.S-waves
    • C.Light waves
    • D.Water waves

    Explanation: P-waves compress and expand material (like sound).

18. Q18.What is 'Tephra'?

    • A.Solid material ejected by volcanoes✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Liquid lava
    • C.Volcanic gas
    • D.A crater

    Explanation: Tephra refers to rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcano.

19. Q19.A 'Hotspot' volcano forms:

    • A.Away from plate boundaries✓ Correct Answer
    • B.At plate boundaries
    • C.Only in oceans
    • D.Only on land

    Explanation: Hotspots (like Hawaii) occur where magma rises from deep mantle, often away from boundaries.

20. Q20.Which island is known as the 'Island of Fire'?

    • A.Iceland✓ Correct Answer
    • B.Greenland
    • C.Ireland
    • D.Newfoundland

    Explanation: Iceland is famous for its intense volcanic activity.