Philosophy & Early Experiments of Satyagraha

पहले ऊपर दी गई क्विज़ हल करें, फिर नीचे हर प्रश्न का सही उत्तर और संक्षिप्त व्याख्या देखें।

1. Q1.Gandhi's method of mass mobilisation based on the power of truth and non-violent resistance was called:

   • A.Satyagraha✓ सही उत्तर
   • B.Swadeshi
   • C.Swaraj
   • D.Non-Cooperation

   व्याख्या: Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth without resorting to violence.

2. Q2.In which year did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?

   • A.1915✓ सही उत्तर
   • B.1905
   • C.1920
   • D.1930

   व्याख्या: Gandhi returned to India in January 1915, proposing to fight British rule using Satyagraha.

3. Q3.Gandhi's first successful Satyagraha in India, in 1917, was organised in Champaran to support:

   • A.Indigo cultivators against oppressive planters✓ सही उत्तर
   • B.Textile mill workers demanding wages
   • C.Salt manufacturers protesting taxation
   • D.Railway employees on strike

   व्याख्या: The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 mobilised peasants against the oppressive indigo plantation system.

4. Q4.The Kheda Satyagraha of 1917 in Gujarat was organised on behalf of:

   • A.Peasants demanding relaxation of revenue collection after crop failure and plague✓ सही उत्तर
   • B.Mill owners seeking tax exemption
   • C.Students protesting tuition fees
   • D.Lawyers protesting the Rowlatt Act

   व्याख्या: In Kheda, Gandhi supported peasants hit by crop failure and plague who wanted relief from revenue collection.

5. Q5.The 1918 Satyagraha in Ahmedabad was organised by Gandhi in support of:

   • A.Cotton mill workers demanding better wages and working conditions✓ सही उत्तर
   • B.Peasants protesting indigo cultivation
   • C.Salt workers protesting the salt tax
   • D.Railway porters demanding pensions

   व्याख्या: The Ahmedabad Satyagraha of 1918 backed cotton mill workers' demand for better wages.

6. Q6.The core philosophy of Satyagraha emphasised:

   • A.The power of truth and the need to search for truth without violence✓ सही उत्तर
   • B.Armed rebellion against colonial rulers
   • C.Total boycott of all British institutions
   • D.Non-payment of all taxes as a first step

   व्याख्या: Satyagraha was built on the idea that truthful, non-violent resistance could win over even an oppressor.

7. Q7.Which pairing of an early Satyagraha and its cause is correctly matched?

   • A.Champaran -- oppression by indigo planters✓ सही उत्तर
   • B.Kheda -- mill workers' strike
   • C.Ahmedabad -- peasant revenue relaxation
   • D.Nagpur -- the Khilafat movement

   व्याख्या: Champaran Satyagraha (1917) addressed the oppression of indigo cultivators by planters.

8. Q8.What made Gandhi's early Satyagraha movements (Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad) significant precursors to later mass movements?

   • A.They demonstrated non-violent methods of mobilising people against local injustice✓ सही उत्तर
   • B.They directly overthrew British rule in those regions
   • C.They were led entirely by revolutionary armed groups
   • D.They resulted in immediate full independence

   व्याख्या: These local campaigns proved that non-violent Satyagraha could successfully mobilise ordinary people, laying groundwork for later nationwide movements.

9. Q9.Which statement about Gandhi's early Satyagraha campaigns is correct?

   • A.All three -- Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad -- took place before the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement✓ सही उत्तर
   • B.They were launched after the Salt March of 1930
   • C.They targeted only urban industrial workers
   • D.They were suppressed without any concessions being made

   व्याख्या: Champaran (1917), Kheda (1917), and Ahmedabad (1918) all preceded the Non-Cooperation Movement launched in 1920.

10. Q10.Satyagraha, as conceived by Gandhi, relied fundamentally on:

    • A.Truth and non-violence✓ सही उत्तर
    • B.Economic sanctions alone
    • C.Military strength
    • D.Diplomatic negotiation with Britain alone

    व्याख्या: Truth (satya) and non-violence (ahimsa) formed the twin pillars of Gandhi's Satyagraha.